Nutrition during infancy plays a critical role in supporting growth, brain development, and long-term health. Parents and caregivers have a vital opportunity to build a healthy foundation in the child’s first year. In this article, we explore the importance of balanced nutrition, the benefits of breastfeeding, safe food introduction, and key dietary recommendations based on current medical knowledge.
Why early nutrition matters
Food provides energy and essential nutrients for all life processes. During infancy, these nutrients are crucial for:
- Physical growth
- Brain development
- Immune system support
- Formation of healthy habits
A lack of proper nutrition in early life can lead to long-term health consequences. For instance, iron deficiency in infancy can impair cognitive development, while inadequate maternal nutrition during pregnancy may affect blood vessel formation in the fetal brain, increasing risks later in life.
The importance of breastfeeding
Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants. It adapts to the child’s developmental needs and contains hormones, antibodies, and immune-supporting elements. Key benefits include:
- Nutritional balance tailored to infant needs
- Reduced risk of obesity later in life
- Strengthened immune system
- Emotional bonding between mother and child
Breastfeeding should be supported and encouraged for as long as it contributes positively to the child’s development. Formula feeding should only be introduced after professional consultation, and untreated cow’s or plant-based milk should be avoided in infancy.
Bottle feeding and formula use
If breastfeeding is not an option, use medically approved infant formula. This ensures the child receives appropriate nutrients while maintaining safety and hygiene standards. Avoid introducing bottle feeding without medical guidance.
Introducing solid foods safely
Complementary foods should be introduced around 6 months of age (not before the 5th month), while continuing breastfeeding or formula. Between the 6th and 9th month, most foods can be safely introduced. Recommendations include:
Foods to avoid early:
- Mushrooms, melons, and other cellulose-rich foods
- Seafood and shellfish
- Honey (risk of botulism)
- Whole nuts and large seeds
Tips for introduction:
- Begin with vegetables, fruits, and grains in puréed form
- Avoid added salt before 18 months
- Limit juices to prevent excess sugar intake
- Use organic or pre-prepared baby food when possible
If a child resists new textures or flavors, remain patient. Some infants may need time to adapt. Offer finely strained food and gradually introduce chunkier textures.
Hydration and fluid needs
In the first months, infants receive all necessary hydration through breast milk or formula. Avoid giving additional water or teas. An average intake of 120-160 ml of milk per kg of body weight is typically sufficient.
Transition milk after age one
After 12 months, consider using transition (toddler) milk. These formulas are fortified and tailored to a toddler’s nutritional needs while maintaining hygiene and safety.
Final thoughts
Nutrition in infancy is not only about feeding—it is about building habits, ensuring safety, and laying the groundwork for a healthy future. Parents should work closely with healthcare professionals to adapt feeding to their child’s individual needs.
Use tools like the LittleDot app to track feeding, symptoms, and milestones, and to consult pediatricians or nutritionists directly via chat or video. A well-informed parent is a confident and empowered caregiver.
